What You’ll Discover in An Introduction to Formal Logic
Formal Symbolic deductive logic: Also known as “formal” Because logic focuses on the form and meaning of arguments, this group of techniques uses symbolic… File size: 2.55 GB
An Introduction to Formal Logic
False, misleading and faulty arguments are all around. Advertisers are trying to to You must separate yourself from your money to Politicans trying to sway your vote, to Friends who love you to They agree that your belief structure is continually under attack.
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Logic It is an intellectual defense against these attacks on reason as well as a quality control method for verifying the validity of your views. But beyond these very practical benefits, informal logic—the kind we apply in daily life—is the gateway to an elegant and fascinating branch of philosophy known as formal logic, which is philosophy’s equivalent to calculus. Formal Logic is an amazing tool. It is similar to a Swiss Army knife for the incisive brain. It is a powerful mode that allows you to inquire and can lead you to amazing things. to Surprising and life-changing conclusions.
Steven Gimbel, a Gettysburg College Professor of Philosophy, is an award-winning guide who will help you navigate the vast scope of this highly rewarding subject with charm and wit. An Introduction to Formal Logic, 24 engaging half-hour lectures that teach you logic from the ground up—from the fallacies of everyday thinking to Innovative ideas at the frontiers of the discipline. Professor Gimbel’s research explores the nature of scientific reasoning and the ways in which science and culture interact, which positions him perfectly to Make advanced abstract concepts concrete and clear.
This course has real-world examples and thought-provoking exercises. It is suitable for all levels of experience, from beginners to advanced. to veteran logicians. There are many on-screen graphics that make it easy to understand the concepts.
For the Logician within All of Us
You will find that the same rational skills that help you spot the weaknesses in a sales pitch or your child’s excuse for skipping homework will also put you on the road to some of the most profound discoveries of our times, such as Kurt Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, which shook the foundations of philosophy and mathematics in the 20th century and can only be compared to Revolutions in thought, such as quantum mechanics. But Gödel didn’t need a lab to make his discovery—only logic.
Unexpected breadth and depth in applications. An Introduction to Formal Logic Appeal to:
Aspire to be critical thinkers to Better decisions can be made by doctors, lawyers and investors as well as managers who are faced with the difficult task of weighing multiple options.
Lovers of intellectual history who wish to to Discover one of the most influential, yet underappreciated currents in thought dating back to antiquity to The present day
Students of philosophy who consider logic the best standard for evaluating philosophical arguments. This course is required to master the discipline.
Mathematicians who are interested in mathematics to Understand the basics of their field, and look at the machinery that drives every mathematical equation.
anyone curious about how computers work, for programs know nothing about words, sentences, or even numbers—they only comprehend logic
People who are fascinated by language and the brain and other topics in cognitive sciences, because logic models grammar, meaning and thought better than any other tool.
Logic Is Your Ally
Professor Gimbel starts by pointing out that humans are wired. to Accept false beliefs. We have strong compulsions, for example. to We need to change our perspective to match the opinion of a group, particularly if we are the lone holdout—even if we feel certain that we are right. These are just some examples of cognitive bias, where our instincts can work against sound reasoning. to You can see that logic is a remarkable corrective that protects you from yourself. This is an intriguing start. An Introduction to Formal Logic It looks like this:
Logical concepts: to The criteria and deductive and inductive arguments to assess them—validity and well-groundedness. You will then learn that arguments can be divided into two parts: the conclusions (the argument being made) and the premises (the supporting evidence).
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Informal logic: Often called critical thinking, this type of logical analysis looks at features other than the form of an argument—hence “informal.” This section focuses on the truth of your premises. It also identifies standard rhetorical tricks, and logical fallacies.
Inductive reasoning: Next, you learn to Induction, which looks at different cases and forms a general conclusion, is used to assess the validity an argument. Inductive arguments are typical in science. They take what we know and give us logical permission. to Be open to new ideas.
Formal Symbolic deductive logic: Also known as “formal” Because logic focuses on the form and arguments, this group of techniques uses symbolic languages to You can assess the validity and reliability of many deductive arguments. These arguments infer particulars that are not general laws or principles.
Modal logic. After a thorough exploration of formal logic you will venture into modal logic. to handle sentences that deal with possibility and necessity—called modalities. The philosophy of ethics has been influenced greatly by modal logic.
Current developments: This course closes by looking at the most recent developments such as fuzzy logic and three-valued systems of logical system. These innovations extend our ability to Deny what appears to be true. to be the basis of all logic—that sentences must be either true or false.
Learn the Language of Logic
Many people find formal logic’s use of symbols to be one of its most intimidating aspects. You may have seen logical arguments expressed with these arrows, v’s, backwards E’s, upside down A’s, and other inscrutable signs, which can seem as bewildering as higher math or an ancient language. But An Introduction to Formal Logic It is clear that symbols communicate simple ideas concisely and become second nature when used. In case after case, Professor Gimbel explains how to Analyze an English ambiguous sentence into its components, expressed in symbols. This makes it transparently obvious what is being claimed.
Take a look at these two sentences: (1) “A dog is a man’s best friend.” (2) “A dog is in the front yard.” They look very similar at first glance. Both say “A dog is x” And seem to Only the property to which they are attributed differs to The dog. However, the noun phrase “a dog” In these cases, it means two different things. The first refers to all dogs. It denotes a particular dog. These two ideas are represented in the following:
1. “x(Dx→Bx)
2. $x(Dx&Fx)
Many of the consequential arguments you will encounter in everyday life are based on similar ambiguities, which disappear when logic is applied to them.
Professor Gimbel says that logic thinking is similar to riding a bike. It takes practice and skill, but once you get the hang of it you can go far! Logic The key is to Science, mathematics, philosophy. It is essential for data processing and electronic computers. In social science, it identifies patterns of behavior and uncovers societal blind spots—assumptions we all make that are completely false. Logic You can win an argument, lead a meeting or draft a contract. Logic This course is recommended.
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